Direct Numerical Simulation of natural, mixed and forced convection in liquid metals: selected results

Selected results of three Direct Numerical Simulations are presented, on relevant test cases for the thermal hydraulics liquid–metal-cooled nuclear reactors, encompassing a wide spectrum turbulent convection regimes. The first case is Rayleigh-Bénard cell at Grashof number Gr=5×107, representative conditions in unstably stratified layer coolant reactor pool both standard operating and emergency situations, e.g. shutdown cooling system. second mixed cold-hot–cold triple jet configuration, liquid streams exiting from core into pool, modeling striping fatigue phenomena vessel containment walls. third fully-developed flow vertical bare rod bundle with triangular arrangement pitch-to-diameter ratio P/D=1.4, forced conditions. These regimes respectively represent normal operation or decay heat removal cores. availability these numerical databases will allows an in-depth analysis transfer metals under different regimes, also development, calibration validation models.